Condivido un interessante articolo pubblicato su Il Fatto Quotidiano relativo al concetto di competenze non cognitive. Il docente che è in grado di stimolarle da un valore aggiunto al percorso di apprendimento dei propri studenti.
“Competenze non cognitive” è un concetto usato da anni a livello internazionale, anche se definito in diversi modi e difficilmente misurabile. Solo per fare un esempio, nel 2016 l’Unesco ne ha parlato in un documento che, partendo dall’educazione, ha lo scopo di incoraggiare riflessioni su un futuro sostenibile per tutte le persone (Non-cognitive skills: Definitions, measurement and malleability).
Data l’importanza del concetto, di recente la Camera dei Deputati ha approvato l’introduzione sperimentale delle competenze non cognitive a scuola. Per i prossimi tre anni scolastici, le scuole di ogni ordine e grado avvieranno lavori sulle competenze non cognitive. Sono previsti corsi destinati a docenti che, a loro volta, dovranno sviluppare sperimentazioni destinate a studenti e studentesse. Questa novità ha alimentato reazioni contrapposte che vanno dal forte entusiasmo alle critiche accese. Molto potrebbe dipendere dal testo approvato che risulta essere un po’ confuso, proprio rispetto alla presentazione delle competenze non cognitive. Poiché la novità è importante e rischia di fallire, se non compresa, in questo articolo mi preme fare un po’ di chiarezza su un aspetto: cosa sono le competenze non cognitive?
Il concetto di competenze non cognitive è come un grande raccoglitore. Ingloba tutti gli aspetti legati ad atteggiamenti emotivi e relazionali (come ad esempio: sapersi rilassare senza alcol o droghe; collaborare per un obiettivo comune, inclusa la salvaguardia del pianeta; dissentire senza picchiare o uccidere; parlare in pubblico; fare scelte funzionali per la propria vita; motivarsi; ecc.). L’Unesco ne individua tre particolarmente importanti: perseveranza, autogestione e competenze sociali, mettendone in luce pregi e limiti. Da un punto di vista teorico, il concetto si differenzia in modo netto dai contenuti delle materie e da tutto ciò che è collegato alla sola razionalità. Da un punto di vista pratico, invece, la questione è ben diversa.
Competenze cognitive e non cognitive interagiscono insieme ed è quasi impossibile distinguerle nella vita reale. Tutte le competenze non cognitive coinvolgono la cognizione. Ad esempio…
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